![]() ![]() HDS syringes provide a number of advantages for drug preparation and injection. Syringes with fixed needles generally have a ≤1 mL fluid capacity that retain ≤5 μl of liquid after the plunger is fully depressed high dead space (HDS) syringes with detachable needles, on the other hand, come in volumes of 1 mL or larger and retain more liquid after use. The volume of the residual fluid within the syringes is dependent on several factors, including needle size and length, the amount of space remaining in the hub of the syringe once the needle is attached, and whether or not the needles are detachable from the syringe barrel. These retain larger amounts of residual liquid than low volume syringes with fixed needles, a property that is recognized as a potential contributing factor to the high rates of HCV transmission within this population. In some locations, for the injection of some types and formulations of drugs, PWID prefer syringes with larger volumes and detachable needles. HCV transmission within the PWID population is attributed to the sharing of syringes and other injection paraphernalia. HCV prevalence rates in PWID range from 40% to 90%. PWIDs are at high risk for infection with blood borne pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There are between 11 and 21 million people who inject drugs (PWID) worldwide. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. ![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was funded by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse 1R01DA030420 to RH, Grant Title: Parenteral HCV Transmission: Assessing Risks and Prevention Strategies in vitro. Received: JAccepted: SeptemPublished: November 4, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Binka et al. PLoS ONE 10(11):Įditor: Eve-Isabelle PECHEUR, UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, FRANCE Citation: Binka M, Paintsil E, Patel A, Lindenbach BD, Heimer R (2015) Survival of Hepatitis C Virus in Syringes Is Dependent on the Design of the Syringe-Needle and Dead Space Volume. ![]()
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